On the Third Day He Rose Again and Ascended Into Heaven

Early argument of Christian belief

Medieval Credo Apostolorum, dated ca. 1300 (Bibliothèque Mazarine ms. 0924 f. 150v). The sequence of attribution to the apostles is: ane. Peter, two. Andrew, 4. John, 3. James, son of Zebedee, 5. Thomas, 6. James, son of Alphaeus, 7. Philip, 8. Bartholomew, nine. Matthew, 10. Simon the Zealot, 11. Jude Thaddaeus, 12. Matthias.

The Apostles' Creed (Latin: Symbolum Apostolorum or Symbolum Apostolicum), sometimes titled the Churchly Creed or the Symbol of the Apostles, is a Christian creed or "symbol of faith".

The creed about likely originated in 5th-century Gaul as a development of the Old Roman Symbol, the old Latin creed of the 4th century. Information technology has been in liturgical use in the Latin rite since the 8th century and, by extension, in the various modernistic branches of Western Christianity, including the modernistic liturgy and catechesis of the Catholic Church, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, Presbyterianism, Moravianism, Methodism, and Congregational churches.

It is shorter than the total Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed adopted in 381, only it is still explicitly trinitarian in construction, with sections affirming belief in God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit.^[ane] Information technology does not accost some Christological issues defined in the Nicene Creed. It thus says null explicitly about the divinity of either Jesus or the Holy Spirit. For this reason, it was held to predate the Nicene Creed in medieval Latin tradition.

The expression "Apostles' Creed" is starting time mentioned in a alphabetic character from the Synod of Milan dated Advertising 390, referring to a belief at the fourth dimension that each of the Twelve Apostles contributed an article to the twelve articles of the creed.^{[ii] [3]}

History [edit]

The ecclesiastical use of Latin symbolum for "creed"—in the sense of "a distinctive marker of Christians", from the sense of Greek σύμβολον, "a sign or token used for identification"—first occurs around the centre of the tertiary century, in the correspondence of St. Cyprian and St. Firmilian, the latter in item speaking of the trinitarian formula as the "Symbol of the Trinity", and recognizing information technology as an integral office of the rite of baptism.^[four] The term Symbolum Apostolicum appears for the starting time time in a alphabetic character, probably written by Ambrose, from a Council in Milan to Pope Siricius in about AD 390 "Permit them give credit to the Symbol of the Apostles, which the Roman Church has e'er kept and preserved undefiled".^{[5] [half-dozen]} Ambrose's term is here referring to the Former Roman Creed, the firsthand^{[ commendation needed ]} predecessor of what is now known every bit the "Apostle's Creed".^{[7] [8]} The narrative of this creed having been jointly created by the Apostles, with each of the twelve contributing one of twelve articles, was already current at that time.^[6]

This illumination from a 13th-century manuscript shows the apostles writing the Creed, receiving inspiration from the Holy Spirit.

The Former Roman Creed had evolved from simpler texts based on Matthew 28:nineteen,^[6] office of the Keen Commission, and it has been argued that this earlier text was already in written form by the late second century (c. 180).^{[six] [9] [x]}

While the private statements of belief that are included in the Apostles' Creed – even those not institute in the Old Roman Symbol – are found in various writings by Irenaeus, Tertullian, Novatian, Marcellus, Rufinus, Ambrose, Augustine, Nicetas, and Eusebius Gallus,^[11] the earliest appearance of what we know as the Apostles' Creed was in the De singulis libris canonicis scarapsus ("Excerpt from Private Canonical Books") of St. Pirminius (Migne, Patrologia Latina 89, 1029 ff.), written between 710 and 714.^[12] Bettenson and Maunder state that it is first from Dicta Abbatis Pirminii de singulis libris canonicis scarapsus (idem quod excarpsus, excerpt), c. 750.^[13]

The text of what is now known as the "Apostles' Creed" was well-nigh likely developed in southern Gaul effectually the midpoint of the 5th century.^[14] A creed that is virtually identical to the electric current ane is recorded by Faustus of Riez. It is possible that Faustus had the identical text, as the original text written past Faustus cannot be reconstructed with certainty. A version that is identical to the current i with the single exception of infera in identify of inferos is recorded in the late 5th century. All the same, the One-time Roman Creed remained the standard liturgical text of the Roman Church throughout the quaternary to 7th centuries. It was replaced by the "Gallic" version of the Apostles' Creed simply in the after 8th century, under Charlemagne, who imposed it throughout his dominions.^{[xv] [half dozen]}

The phrase "descendit advertisement inferos" ("he descended into hell") is not plant in the Nicene Creed. It echoes Ephesians four:nine,^[xvi] "κατέβη εἰς τὰ κατώτερα μέρη τῆς γῆς" ("he descended into the lower earthly regions").^[17] This phrase beginning appeared in one of the two versions of Rufinus (d. 411), the Creed of Aquileia, and and so did non announced again in whatsoever version of the creed until AD 650.^[eighteen] Similarly, the references to the communion of saints is constitute neither in the Erstwhile Roman Symbol nor in the Nicene Creed. The reference to God as "creator of heaven and earth" likewise is not in the Nicene Creed of 325, but it is present in the extended version of the Nicene Creed (the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed) of 381.

The Eastern Orthodox Church does not utilize the Apostles' Creed, not because of an objection to any of its articles, merely because of its omissions necessary for the definition of Nicene Christianity. The Orthodox delegates at the Council of Florence (1431–1449) explicitly challenged the western tradition that attributed the Apostles' Creed to the Twelve Apostles. This tradition was also shown to be historically untenable past Lorenzo Valla.^[19] The Roman Church building does not country that text dates back to the Apostles themselves, the Roman catechism instead explaining that "the Apostles' Creed is so chosen considering information technology is rightly considered to exist a faithful summary of the apostles' faith."^[20]

Text [edit]

The following gives the original Latin text, with the traditional segmentation into twelve manufactures,^{[21] [22]} aslope an English translation. Underlined passages are those not present in the Old Roman Symbol as recorded past Tyrannius Rufinus.

one. Credo in Deum Patrem omnipotentem, Creatorem caeli et terrae,	I believe in God the Father omnipotent, maker of heaven and world,
2. et in Iesum Christum, Filium Eius unicum, Dominum nostrum,	and in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord,
iii. qui conceptus est de Spiritu Sancto, natus ex Maria Virgine,	who was conceived from the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary,
4. passus sub Pontio Pilato, crucifixus, mortuus, et sepultus,	who suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried,
v. descendit ad inferos, tertia dice resurrexit a mortuis,	descended into hell, rose once more from the dead on the third twenty-four hours,
6. ascendit ad caelos, sedet advertising dexteram Dei Patris omnipotentis,	ascended into sky and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty,
7. inde venturus est iudicare vivos et mortuos.	who will come again to judge the living and the dead.
8. Ideology in Spiritum Sanctum,	I believe in the Holy Spirit,
ix. sanctam Ecclesiam catholicam, sanctorum communionem,	the holy Catholic Church, the communion of saints,
ten. remissionem peccatorum,	the forgiveness of sins,
11. carnis resurrectionem,	the resurrection of the body,
12. vitam aeternam. Amen.[23]	and the life everlasting. Amen.

There is also a received Greek text, which alongside the Latin is found in the Psalterium Græcum et Romanum, erroneously ascribed to Pope Gregory the Great. It was offset edited by Archbishop Ussher in 1647, based on a manuscript preserved in the library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. The Latin text agrees with the "Creed of Pirminius" edited past Charles Abel Heurtley (De Fide Symbolo, 1900, p. 71). 4 other Greek translations with slight variations were discovered by Carl Paul Caspari, and published in 1879 (Alte und neue Quellen zur Geschichte des Taufsymbols, vol. 3, pp. 11 sqq.).^[24]

The tradition of assigning each commodity to one of the apostles specifically can be traced to the sixth century. In Western sacral art, Credo Apostolorum refers to the figurative representation of the twelve apostles each alongside i of the articles. This artistic tradition extends from the high medieval to the Baroque period.

The precise division of the text and the sequence of attribution to the apostles has never been entirely fixed. For example, Pelbartus Ladislaus of Temesvár, writing in the late 15th century, divides commodity v in two merely combines articles 11 and 12 into one, with the following attributions: ane. Peter, 2. John, 3. James, son of Zebedee, 4. Andrew, 5a. Philip, 5b. Thomas, vi. Bartholomew, 7. Matthew, 8. James, son of Alphaeus, 9. Simon the Zealot, 10. Jude Thaddaeus, 11.–12. Matthias.^[25]

Liturgical apply in Western Christianity [edit]

The Apostles' Creed is used in its direct form or in interrogative forms by Western Christian communities in several of their liturgical rites, in particular those of baptism and the Eucharist.

Rite of Baptism [edit]

The Apostles' Creed, whose nowadays form is similar to the baptismal creed used in Rome in the third and quaternary centuries, actually developed from questions addressed to those seeking baptism.^[26] The Catholic Church still today uses an interrogative course of it in the Rite of Baptism (for both children and adults). In the official English language translation (ICEL, 1974) the government minister of baptism asks:

Do you lot believe in God, the Begetter omnipotent, creator of heaven and earth?

Do you believe in Jesus Christ, his but Son, our Lord, who was born of the Virgin Mary, was crucified, died, and was buried, rose from the dead, and is at present seated at the right hand of the Male parent?

Do y'all believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the torso, and life everlasting?

To each question, the catechumen, or, in the case of an infant, the parents and sponsor(south) (godparent(southward)) in his or her place, answers "I practise." Then the celebrant says:

This is our organized religion. This is the faith of the Church. Nosotros are proud to profess information technology, in Christ Jesus our Lord.

And all respond: Amen.

The Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand uses the Apostles' Creed in its baptism rite in spite of the reservations of some of its members regarding the phrase "born of the virgin Mary".^[27]

The Episcopal Church in the U.s.a. of America uses the Apostles' Creed as part of a Baptismal Covenant for those who are to receive the Rite of Baptism. The Apostles' Creed is recited by candidates, sponsors and congregation, each section of the Creed existence an respond to the celebrant'southward question, "Do you believe in God the Male parent (God the Son, God the Holy Spirit)?"^[28] Information technology is likewise used in an interrogative form at the Easter Acuity in The Renewal of Baptismal Vows.^[29]

The Church of England too asks the candidates, sponsors and congregation to recite the Apostles' Creed in answer to like interrogations, in which it avoids using the give-and-take "God" of the Son and the Holy Spirit, asking instead: "Exercise you believe and trust in his Son Jesus Christ?", and "Do you believe and trust in the Holy Spirit?" Moreover, "where there are strong pastoral reasons", it allows use of an culling formula in which the interrogations, while speaking of "God the Son" and "God the Holy Spirit", are more elaborate just are non based on the Apostles' Creed, and the response in each case is: "I believe and trust in him."^[30] The Book of Mutual Prayer may also be used, which in its rite of baptism has the minister recite the Apostles' Creed in interrogative grade. request the godparents or, in the instance "of such as are of Riper Years", the candidate: "Dost thou believe in God the Father ..." The response is: "All this I stedfastly believe."^[31]

Lutherans following the Lutheran Service Book (Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod and the Lutheran Church–Canada), like Catholics and Anglicans, use the Apostles' Creed during the Sacrament of Baptism:

Practise you lot believe in God, the Male parent almighty, maker of heaven and earth?

Practice yous believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, our Lord, who was conceived past the Holy Spirit, built-in of the virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died and was cached; He descended into hell; the third day He rose again from the dead; He ascended into heaven and sits at the right hand of God the Male parent Almighty; from thence He will come up to guess the living and the expressionless?

Do you lot believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy Christian Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the torso, and the life everlasting?

Following each question, the candidate answers: "Yes, I believe". If the candidates are unable to respond for themselves, the sponsors are to answer the questions.^[32]

For ELCA (Evangelical Lutheran Church in America) Lutherans who employ the Evangelical Lutheran Worship book, the Apostles' Creed appears during the Sacrament of Holy Baptism Rite on p. 229 of the hardcover pew edition.

Methodists utilize the Apostles' Creed as role of their baptismal rites in the form of an interrogatory addressed to the candidate(south) for baptism and the whole congregation as a manner of professing the faith inside the context of the Church's sacramental act. For infants, it is the professing of the faith past the parents, sponsors, and congregation on behalf of the candidate(s); for confirmands, it is the professing of the religion earlier and amidst the congregation. For the congregation, it is a reaffirmation of their professed organized religion.

Practise y'all believe in God?

I believe in God, the Father Almighty, creator of heaven and earth.

Do you believe in Jesus Christ?

I believe in Jesus Christ, his merely Son, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; he descended to the dead. On the 3rd day he rose once again; he ascended into heaven, is seated at the right mitt of the Begetter, and will come over again to judge the living and the expressionless.

Do you believe in the Holy Spirit?

I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the torso, and the life everlasting.^[33]

Eucharistic Rite [edit]

Since the 2002 edition, the Apostles' Creed is included in the Roman Missal equally an alternative, with the indication, "Instead of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, specially during Lent and Easter time, the baptismal Symbol of the Roman Church building, known as the Apostles' Creed, may be used."^[34] Previously the Nicene Creed was the only profession of religion that the Missal gave for apply at Mass, except in Masses for children; just in some countries use of the Apostles' Creed was already permitted.

Liturgy of the Hours [edit]

The Apostles' Creed is used in Anglican services of Matins and Evening Prayer (Evensong). It is invoked after the recitation or singing of the Canticles, and is the but part of the services in which the congregation traditionally turns to face the chantry, if they are seated transversely in the quire.

The Episcopal Church building (U.s.) uses the Apostles' Creed in Morning time Prayer and Evening Prayer.^[35]

Before the 1955 simplification of the rubrics of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius XII, the Apostles' Creed was recited at the beginning of matins and prime, at the end of compline, and in some preces (a series of versicles and responses preceded past Kyrie, eleison ("Lord, have mercy") and the Our Male parent) of prime and compline^[36] on certain days during Advent and Lent.

Liturgical English language translations [edit]

Ecumenical (interdenominational) versions [edit]

15th-century Flemish tapestry illustrating the first four articles of the Creed

International Consultation on English Texts [edit]

The International Consultation on English Texts (ICET), a first inter-church ecumenical grouping that undertook the writing of texts for use by English-speaking Christians in mutual, published Prayers We Have in Mutual (Fortress Press, 1970,1971,1975). Its version of the Apostles' Creed was adopted by several churches.^{[37] [38]}

I believe in God, the Begetter almighty,
creator of heaven and earth.
I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord.
He was conceived by the ability of the Holy Spirit
and born of the virgin Mary.
He suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died, and was buried.
He descended to the dead.
On the third day he rose once more.
He ascended into sky,
and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
He will come again to approximate the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the holy catholic Church,
the communion of the saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and the life everlasting. Amen.

English Linguistic communication Liturgical Consultation [edit]

The English Language Liturgical Consultation (ELLC), a successor body to the International Consultation on English language Texts (ICET), published in 1988 a revised translation of the Apostles' Creed. It avoided the word "his" in relation to God and spoke of Jesus Christ equally "God's only Son" instead of "his merely Son". In the 4th line, information technology replaced the personal pronoun "he" with the relative "who", and changed the punctuation, so every bit no longer to nowadays the Creed as a serial of separate statements. In the same line it removed the words "the power of". It explained its rationale for making these changes and for preserving other controverted expressions in the 1988 publication Praying Together, with which information technology presented its new version:^[39]

I believe in God, the Father almighty,
creator of sky and earth.
I believe in Jesus Christ, God's only Son, our Lord,
who was conceived by the Holy Spirit,
born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered nether Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died, and was buried;
he descended to the dead.
On the third day he rose once again;
he ascended into heaven,
he is seated at the right hand of the Father,
and he will come to judge the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the holy cosmic Church building,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the trunk,
and the life everlasting. Amen.

Roman Catholic Church [edit]

The initial (1970) English official translation of the Roman Missal of the Roman Catholic Church adopted the ICET version, as did catechetical texts such as the Catechism of the Catholic Church.^{[37] [38]}

In 2008 the Catholic Church published a new English language translation of the texts of the Mass of the Roman Rite, employ of which came into force at the end of 2011. Information technology included the following translation of the Apostles' Creed:^{[40] [41]}

I believe in God,
the Father almighty,
Creator of heaven and world,
and in Jesus Christ, his merely Son, our Lord,
who was conceived by the Holy Spirit,
born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died and was buried;
he descended into hell;
on the third mean solar day he rose again from the dead;
he ascended into heaven,
and is seated at the right mitt of God the Male parent almighty;
from there he will come to judge the living and the expressionless.
I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the holy cosmic Church,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the trunk,
and life everlasting.
Amen.

Church of England [edit]

In the Church building of England in that location are currently two authorized forms of the creed: that of the Book of Common Prayer (1662) and that of Mutual Worship (2000).

Volume of Common Prayer, 1662 [42] [43] [44] I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and globe: And in Jesus Christ his simply Son our Lord, Who was conceived by the Holy Ghost,[a] Born of the Virgin Mary, Suffered under Pontius Pilate, Was crucified, dead, and buried: He descended into hell; The third day he rose once more from the dead; He ascended into heaven, And sitteth on the correct hand of God the Male parent Almighty; From thence he shall come up to judge the quick and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost; The holy Catholick Church building; The Communion of Saints; The Forgiveness of sins; The Resurrection of the body, And the Life everlasting. Amen.

Mutual Worship [48] I believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth. I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, built-in of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; he descended to the expressionless. On the third day he rose again; he ascended into sky, he is seated at the right paw of the Father, and he will come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy cosmic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the trunk, and the life everlasting. Amen.

Lutheran Church [edit]

Evangelical Lutheran Worship [edit]

The publication Evangelical Lutheran Worship published by Augsburg Fortress, is the primary worship resource for the Evangelical Lutheran Church building in America, the largest Lutheran denomination in the United states, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church building in Canada. Information technology presents the official ELCA version, footnoting the phrase "he descended to the dead" to indicate an alternative reading: "or 'he descended into hell,' some other translation of this text in widespread employ".

The text is as follows:^[49]

I believe in God, the Father omnipotent,
creator of heaven and earth.

I believe in Jesus Christ, God's merely Son, our Lord,
who was conceived past the Holy Spirit,
born of the virgin Mary,
suffered nether Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died, and was buried;
he descended to the dead.*
On the third day he rose again;
he ascended into sky,
he is seated at the right paw of the Male parent,
and he will come to judge the living and the dead.

I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the holy catholic church building,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and the life everlasting. Amen.

Church building of Kingdom of denmark [edit]

The Church building of Kingdom of denmark yet uses the phrase "We renounce the devil and all his doings and all his beings" every bit the starting time of this creed, before the line "We believe in God etc." This is mostly due to the influence of the Danish pastor Grundtvig. See Den apostolske trosbekendelse.

United Methodist Church [edit]

The United Methodists in the United states commonly incorporate the Apostles' Creed into their worship services. The version which is nigh often used is located at No. 881 in the United Methodist Hymnal, one of their about popular hymnals and ane with a heritage to brothers John Wesley and Charles Wesley, founders of Methodism.^{[fifty] [51]} Information technology is notable for omitting the line "he descended into hell", just is otherwise very similar to the Book of Common Prayer version. The 1989 Hymnal has both the traditional version and the 1988 ecumenical version,^[52] which includes "he descended to the dead."

The Apostles' Creed as found in The Methodist Hymnal of 1939 too omits the line "he descended..."^[53] The Methodist Hymnal of 1966 has the same version of the creed, but with a note at the lesser of the page stating, "Traditional utilise of this creed includes these words: 'He descended into hell.'"^[54]

However, when the Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in the United States in 1784, John Wesley sent the new American Church a Sunday Service which included the phrase "he descended into hell" in the text of The Apostles' Creed.^[55] Information technology is articulate that Wesley intended American Methodists to use the phrase in the recitation of the Creed.

The United Methodist Hymnal of 1989 besides contains (at #882) what it terms the "Ecumenical Version" of this creed which is the ecumenically accepted mod translation of the International Committee on English Texts (1975) as amended by the subsequent successor trunk, the English Liturgical Consultation (1987).^[56] This form of the Apostles' Creed tin be establish incorporated into the Eucharistic and Baptismal Liturgies in the Hymnal and in The United Methodist Book of Worship, and hence it is growing in popularity and utilise. The discussion "catholic" is intentionally left lowercase in the sense that the word cosmic applies to the universal and ecumenical Christian church.

I believe in God the Father Omnipotent,

maker of heaven and world;

And in Jesus Christ, his but Son, our Lord,

who was conceived by the Holy Spirit,

born of the Virgin Mary,

suffered under Pontius Pilate,

was crucified, died, and was buried;

he descended to the dead.

On the 3rd day he rose again;

he ascended into heaven,

is seated at the correct hand of the Father,

and will come once more to judge the living and the expressionless.

I believe in the Holy Spirit,

the holy catholic church building,

the communion of saints,

the forgiveness of sins,

the resurrection of the body

and the life everlasting. Amen.^[57]

Musical settings [edit]

Musical settings of the Symbolum Apostolorum as a motet are rare. The French composer Le Brung published one Latin setting in 1540, and the Spanish composer Fernando de las Infantas published two in 1578.

Martin Luther wrote the hymn "Wir glauben all an einen Gott" (translated into English as "We all believe in i God") in 1524 as a paraphrase of the Apostles' Creed.

In 1957, William P. Latham wrote "Credo (Metrical Version of the Apostle'south Creed)" in an SATB organisation suitable for boys' and men's voices.

In 1979 John Michael Talbot, a Third Order Franciscan, equanimous and recorded "Creed" on his album, The Lord'south Supper.^[58]

In 1986 Graham Kendrick published the popular "We believe in God the Father", closely based on the Apostles' Creed.

The vocal "Creed" on Petra's 1990 album Across Belief is loosely based on the Apostles' Creed.^[59]

GIA Publications published a hymn text in 1991 directly based on the Apostles' Creed, called "I Believe in God Almighty." It has been sung to hymn tunes from Wales, the Netherlands, and Republic of ireland.^[60]

Rich Mullins and Beaker also composed a musical setting titled "Creed", released on Mullins' 1993 anthology A Liturgy, a Legacy, & a Beggar Band.^[61] Notably, Mullins' version replaces "i holy catholic church" with "one holy church".

Integrity Music nether the Hosanna! Music series, produced a alive worship acoustic album in 1993, 'Be Magnified',^[62] which featured Randy Rothwell every bit worship leader, had an upbeat enthusiastic hymn called "The Apostle'southward Creed", written by Randy Rothwell Burbank.

In 2014 Hillsong released a version of the Apostles' Creed under the title "This I Believe (The Creed)" on their anthology No Other Proper noun.

Keith & Kristyn Getty released an expression of the Apostles' Creed under the title "We Believe (Apostle'due south Creed)" on their 2016 album Facing a Job Unfinished.

Encounter likewise [edit]

• Chalcedonian Creed
• 1, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church
• Passion of Jesus
• Virgin birth of Jesus

Notes [edit]

1. ^ In a suggested revision of 1923, this line has "of the Holy Ghost".^[45] The Scottish Volume of Common Prayer (1637) has "which was conceived of the holy Ghost".^[46] This goes back to the 1559 Book of Mutual Prayer, which has "whiche was conceived of the holy Ghost".^[47]
   

References [edit]

1. ^ Bayes, Jonathan F. (September 9, 2010). The Apostles' Creed: Truth with Passion. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN978-1-60899-539-4.
2. ^ Rogers, Jack (1985), Presbyterian Creeds, Westminster John Knox Press, pp. 62–63, ISBN978-0-66425496-4 .
3. ^ Orr, James. "The Apostles' Creed". International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Reformed. Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
4. ^ Thurston, Herbert. The Apostles' Creed in the Catholic Encyclopedia, editions of 1907. Catholic Encyclopedia (year 1913), Vol.1. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. .
5. ^ Ambrose of Milan. "Letter of the alphabet 42:v". Tertullian.org. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
6. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Apostles' Creed", Dictionary of the Christian Church building, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. xc, ISBN978-0192802903 .
7. ^ Day, Gardiner Mumford (1963), The Apostles' Creed: an interpretation for today, Scribner, p. 33 .
8. ^ McGiffert, Arthur Cushman (2008), The Apostles' Creed: Its Origin, Its Purpose, and Its Historical Estimation, p. 42, ISBN978-0559851995 .
9. ^ Bettenson, Henry, ed. (1963), Documents of the Christian Church (2d ed.), London, p. 23 .
10. ^ Lynch, Joseph (1992), The Medieval Church building, London and NY: Longman, p. vii .
11. ^ Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes, vol. II. The History of Creeds, Christian Classics Ethereal Library, July 13, 2005, retrieved May 19, 2011
12. ^ Kelly, JND (1972), Early Christian Creeds (third ed.), London: Longman, Greenish & Co, pp. 398–434 .
13. ^ Bettenson, Henry; Maunder, Chris (1999), Documents of the Christian Church (3 ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, p. 26 .
14. ^ "Origin of the Creed", Cosmic Encyclopedia, New advent .
15. ^ Clemens Blume, Das Apostolische Glaubensbekenntniß (1893), 186f.
16. ^ Ephesians 4:9
17. ^ Trillhaas, Wolfgang, "Creeds, Lutheran Attitude Toward", in Bodensieck, Julius (ed.), The Encyclopedia of the Lutheran Church, vol. A–E, Minneapolis: Augsburg, p. 629 .
18. ^ Grudem, Wayne A (2004), Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine, Leicester, ENG; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Printing; Zondervan, p. 586 . Cf. Rufinus, "Commentary on the Apostles' Creed", newadvent.org , retrieved October 1, 2016
19. ^ Dorothea Sattler: Apostolisches Glaubensbekenntnis. I. Dogmen- und Theologiegeschichte. In: Walter Kasper (ed.): Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche. 3rd ed., vol. i, Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1993, c. 878f.
20. ^ Patristic Bible Commentary, Catechism of the Cosmic Church on the Apostles' Creed, citing St. Ambrose, Expl. symb. 7: PL 17, 1196.
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Farther reading [edit]

• Cannata, Raymond F.; Reitano, Joshua D. (2013), Rooted: The Apostles' Creed, Oro Valley, AZ: Doulos Resources, ISBN978-1-937063-92-four
• Lochman, Jan Milič (1999), "Apostles' Creed", in Fahlbusch, Erwin (ed.), Encyclopedia of Christianity, vol. 1, One thousand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, pp. 109–x, ISBN0-8028-2413-7

External links [edit]

•  Latin Wikisource has original text related to this article: Symbolum Apostolicum*
• "Audio recordings and texts of the Campaigner'south Creed and other Christian prayers". (with text and approximative transliteration to Latin alphabet)
• "St. Thomas Aquinas on the Apostle'southward Creed". Archived from the original on June 20, 2015. Retrieved Jan 29, 2019.

English language translations [edit]

• The full text of Apostles' Creed at Wikisource

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed

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